Which of the following statements is/are correct about Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)?

1. A positive IOD period is characterized by cooler than normal water in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean and warmer than normal water in the tropical western Indian Ocean

2. A positive IOD pattern has been associated with a decrease in rainfall over parts of central and southern Australia.

a. Only 1

b. Only 2

c. Both

d. None

ANSWER: Both

Explanation:

The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), also known as the Indian Niño, is an irregular oscillation of sea-surface temperatures in which the western Indian Ocean becomes alternately warmer and then colder than the eastern part of the ocean.