Which of the following is/are true?

1) The institutions of Speaker and Deputy Speaker originated in India in 1921.

2) First Deputy Speaker of the central legislative assembly was Sachidanand Sinha.

a. Only 1

b. Only 2

c. Both 1 and 2

d. Neither 1 nor 2

ANSWER: Both 1 and 2

Explanation:

Up to the 10th Lok Sabha, both the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker were usually from the ruling party.

Since the 11th Lok Sabha, there has been a consensus that the Speaker comes from the ruling party (or ruling alliance) and the post of Deputy Speaker goes to the main opposition party.

The Speaker and the Deputy Speaker, while assuming their offices, do not make and subscribe any separate oath or affirmation.

The institutions of Speaker and Deputy Speaker originated in India in 1921 under the provisions of the Government of India Act of 1919 (Montague-Chelmsford Reforms).

At that time, the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker were called the President and Deputy President respectively and the same nomenclature continued till 1947.

Before 1921, the Governor-General of India used to preside over the meetings of the Central Legislative Council.

In 1921, the Frederick Whyte and Sachidanand Sinha were appointed by the Governor-General of India as the first Speaker and the first Deputy Speaker (respectively) of the central legislative assembly.

In 1925, Vithalbhai J. Patel became the first Indian and the first elected Speaker of the central legislative assembly.

The Government of India Act of 1935 changed the nomenclatures of President and Deputy President of the Central Legislative Assembly to the Speaker and Deputy Speaker respectively.

However, the old nomenclature continued till 1947 as the federal part of the 1935 Act was not implemented.

G. V. Mavalankar and Ananthasayanam Ayyangar had the distinction of being the first Speaker and the first Deputy Speaker (respectively) of the Lok Sabha.

G. V. Mavalankar also held the post of Speaker in the Constituent Assembly (Legislative) as well as the provisional Parliament.

He held the post of Speaker of Lok Sabha continuously for one decade from 1946 to 1956.